2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Glutathione Peroxidase

Glutathione Peroxidase

Glutathione Peroxidase

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Glutathione peroxidases (GPx) are a family of enzymes with the ability to reduce organic and inorganic hydroperoxides to the corresponding alcohols using glutathione or thioredoxin as an electron donor. These enzymes promote hydrogen peroxide metabolism and protect cell membrane structure and function from oxidative damage. Dysregulated GPx expression is connected with severe pathologies, including obesity and diabetes. GPx1 has been reported to be involved in both pro- and anticancer effects in different tumor models.

In mammals, the GPxs family consists of eight members (GPx1-GPx8) identified so far; five of them (GPx1-GPx4 and GPx6) contain selenocysteine in the catalytic center and the other three are cysteine-containing proteins. GPx1 is one of the most critical members of the GPxs family that catalytically reduces hydrogen peroxide to produce water. The function of GPx3 is to scavenge H2O2 and lipoperoxides in the plasma to reduce systematic oxidative stress and to maintain the bioavailability of vascular nitric oxide. Gpx4 is an essential mammalian glutathione peroxidase, which protects cells against detrimental lipid peroxidation and governs a novel form of regulated necrotic cell death, called ferroptosis.

Glutathione Peroxidase Isoform Specific Products:

Glutathione Peroxidase Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-173596
    SNT-8370
    		Inhibitor
    SNT-8370 is an orally active inhibitor of VAP-1 (IC50: 10 nM) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (IC50: 17 nM), with >100-1000 fold more potency for VAP-1 and MPO versus other mammalian (per)oxidases. SNT-8370 inhibits MPO-mediated LDL lipid peroxidation. SNT-8370 inhibits leukocyte infiltration in lung injury models of acute inflammation. SNT-8370 is an anti-inflammatory agent, and can be used for research of inflammatory disorders.
    SNT-8370
  • HY-13679S
    2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate-d4 sodium
    2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate-d4 sodium (Mesnum-d4 sodium) is the deuterium labeled Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (HY-13679). Mesna (Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) is an antioxidant which has cytoprotective effects. Mesna is widely used as a systemic protective agent against chemotherapy toxicity. Mesna is also used to reduce hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide.
    2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate-d<sub>4</sub> sodium
  • HY-112654A
    GCN2iB acetate
    		Activator
    GCN2iB acetate is an ATP-competitive, selective GCN2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.4 nM. GCN2iB acetate inhibits the activation of the GCN2 pathway and upregulates GPX4. GCN2iB acetate enhances the anticancer effect of ASNase against acute lymphoblastic leukemia. GCN2iB acetate increases left ventricular ejection fraction, while reducing fasting blood glucose and myocardial fibrosis. GCN2iB acetate can be used in research related to acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
    GCN2iB acetate
  • HY-175633
    ML210-ansaFc
    		Inhibitor
    ML210-ansaFc (Compound III-13) is a covalent GPX4 inhibitor with a -ferrocenophane group (IC50 of 3.4 μM). ML210-ansaFc potently induces ferroptosis by increasing the level of ROSand promoting lipid peroxidation (LPO) in cancers cells. ML210-ansaFc has an anticancer activity and suppresses tumor growth in tumor 3D spheroids. ML210-ansaFc can be used for cancer therapy resistance research.
    ML210-ansaFc
  • HY-116117
    Salicylcurcumin
    		Inhibitor
    Salicylcurcumin is a synthetic curcumin analogue with antioxidant activity. Salicylcurcumin may affect lipid peroxidation in fish, favoring increased survival, disease resistance, and ultimately growth rate.
    Salicylcurcumin
  • HY-P5762A
    Phoenixin-14 TFA
    		Activator
    Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) TFA is an endogenous neuropeptide with multiple biological activities, and serves as the endogenous ligand of GPR173. Phoenixin-14 TFA reduces ROS production by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling axis, thereby exerting antioxidant and mitochondrial protective effects. Phoenixin-14 TFA inhibits FOXO3 phosphorylation by upregulating SIRT3 expression, suppresses apoptosis, and improves myocardial systolic/diastolic function. Phoenixin-14 TFA resists ferroptosis by activating the ATF4/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis; it activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation via GPR173. Phoenixin-14 TFA can be used in researches on neuroprotection, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, reproductive protection and so on.
    Phoenixin-14 TFA
  • HY-186046
    MPO-IN-10
    		Inhibitor
    MPO-IN-10 is an orally active, selective, and irreversible inhibitor of myeloperoxidase (MPO), with an IC50 of 0.080 μM against human MPO. MPO-IN-10 exhibits higher selectivity for extracellular MPO over intracellular (neutrophil) MPO. MPO-IN-10 can be used in the study of inflammatory diseases such as vascular disorders.
    MPO-IN-10
  • HY-157788
    ZX703
    		Degrader
    ZX703 (compound 5I) is a PROTAC that significantly degrades GPX4 in a dose- and time-dependent manner through the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways (DC50=0.315 µM). ZX703 induces ferroptosis by inducing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation in cells. ZX703 can be used for cancer research.
    ZX703
  • HY-172675
    DEL-I25
    		Activator
    DEL-I25 is a potent GPX4 activator. DEL-I25 protects cells from ferroptosis.
    DEL-I25
  • HY-W001083S1
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d5
    		Activator
    2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl-2,4,6-d3)acetic-2,2-d2 acid is the deuterium labeled 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HY-W001083). 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is an orally active flavonoid metabolite produced by intestinal flora, with blood pressure-lowering activity. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can also inhibit ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of GPX4, thereby improving spermatogenic dysfunction in aged mice. In addition, abnormal levels of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid are closely related to certain diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders.
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-155075
    NC-R17
    		Inhibitor
    NC-R17 is a PROTAC-class, non-covalent GPX4 degrader based on RSL3, involved in ferroptosis. NC-R17 has antitumor activity and is used for non-covalent GPX4 PROTAC design. NC-R17 consists of a target protein ligand (red part) Demethyl-RSL3 (HY-135832); an E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand (blue part) Lenalidomide (HY-A0003) and a PROTAC linker (black part) (HY-169376). E3 ubiquitin ligase and linker can form Lenalidomide-C13-piperazine-Boc (HY-169377).
    NC-R17
  • HY-183567
    Ferroptosis-IN-27
    Ferroptosis-IN-27 is a glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimetic. Ferroptosis-IN-27 inhibits oxidative stress, reduces intracellular ROS levels, decreases lipid peroxidation and alleviates ferrous ion overload, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and protecting cardiomyocytes from Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced injury. Ferroptosis-IN-27 can be used in studies related to Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
    Ferroptosis-IN-27
  • HY-N0070R
    Solasonine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Solasonine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Solasonine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Solasonine is a ferroptosis inducer which can be isolated from Solanum melongena that has anti-infection, anti-cancer, and neurogenesis promoting properties. Solasonine promotes ferroptosis of HCC cells via destruction of the glutathione redox system induced by inhibiting GPX4, and can be used for cancer research.
    Solasonine (Standard)
  • HY-181953
    STIM1-TFR1-IN-1
    STIM1-TFR1-IN-1 is an orally active stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)-transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) protein complex inhibitor with a Kd of 2.18 μM for STIM1-CD protein. STIM1-TFR1-IN-1 blocks STIM1-TFR1 interaction and reduce TFR1-mediated iron uptake activity. STIM1-TFR1-IN-1 inhibits ferroptosis, lipid peroxidation and ROS production, enhances glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity and glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, and rescues ferroptosis-associated mitochondrial morphological changes. STIM1-TFR1-IN-1 exhibits neuroprotective
    effects and reduces brain injury. STIM1-TFR1-IN-1 can be used for the research of intracerebral hemorrhage.
    STIM1-TFR1-IN-1
  • HY-155851
    Lepadin E
    		Inhibitor
    Lepadin E is a significantly cytotoxic ferroptosis inducer that induces iron death through the classical p53-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway. Lepadin E promoted p53 expression, decreases SLC7A11 and GPX4 levels, and leads to increased ROS and lipid peroxide production, and upregulated ACSL4 expression, thus causes cell death. Lepadin E has significant antitumor effect.
    Lepadin E
  • HY-183544
    Platinum(IV) Prodrug-1
    		Inhibitor
    Platinum (IV) Prodrug-1 is a Pt (IV) prodrug and selective TrxR1 inhibitor. Platinum (IV) Prodrug-1 induces ferroptosis (Ferroptosis) by depleting glutathione, accumulating intracellular lipid peroxides, and inactivating Glutathione peroxidase 4. Platinum (IV) Prodrug-1 triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress and immunogenic cell death via excessive accumulation of intracellular ROS. Platinum (IV) Prodrug-1 exhibits anticancer activity against both Cisplatin (HY-17394)-sensitive and Cisplatin-resistant triple-negative breast cancer cells. Platinum (IV) Prodrug-1 can be used for the research of triple-negative breast cancer.
    Platinum(IV) Prodrug-1
  • HY-149717
    Antitumor agent-122
    Antitumor agent-122 is a potent multi-target antitumor agent that exerts its effects through the induction of ferroptosis, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. In the ferroptosis pathway, Antitumor agent-122 inhibits GPX4 expression and upregulates FACL4 expression, increasing intracellular lipid peroxidation and ferrous ion levels. In the autophagy pathway, Antitumor agent-122 induces autophagy by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In the apoptosis and cell cycle pathways, Antitumor agent-122 arrests cells at the G1/S phase and subsequently promots mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis. Antitumor agent-122 can be used in the research of solid tumors including gastric, liver, ovarian, and bladder cancers.
    Antitumor agent-122
  • HY-176271
    MAO-B-IN-45
    		Activator
    MAO-B-IN-45 is a dual inhibitor of ferroptosis and MAO-B. MAO-B-IN-45 shows selectivity towards MAO-B with an IC50 of 87.47 nM and selectivity exceeding 229-fold for MAO-B over MAO-A. MAO-B-IN-45 has excellent antiferroptosis activity through modulation of the iron metabolic pathway and GSH-GPX4 axis in vitro. MAO-B-IN-45 improves cognitive and behavioral impairments in 3×Tg (APP/Tau/Ps1) AD mouse and significantly reduced the levels of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), APP, and Tau phosphorylation (p-Tau) proteins in the brain.
    MAO-B-IN-45
  • HY-168002
    MPO-IN-8
    		Inhibitor
    MPO-IN-8 is an orally active myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitor. MPO-IN-8 can inhibit the generation of hypochlorous acid in neutrophils and the release of extracellular traps (NETosis). In mice with gouty arthritis, MPO-IN-8 can reduce swelling, lower peroxidase activity, and decrease IL-1β levels.
    MPO-IN-8
  • HY-155852
    Lepadin H
    		Inhibitor
    Lepadin H is a ferroptosis inducer and apoptosis inducer with in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor efficacy against cancer cells. Lepadin H reduces GPX4 and SLC7A11 levels, increases p53 and ACSL4 expression, drives lipid hydroperoxide production, elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reduces cellular glutathione (GSH) levels, induces lipid peroxidation and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, and suppresses clonogenic growth and migration of cancer cells.Lepadin H can be used for the research of melanoma.
    Lepadin H
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Glutathione Peroxidase Isoform Comparison

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